Edinburgh postnatal depression scale is the only selfreport scale that has been validated for use in pregnancy and postnatal period. Cox 1990 also known as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Jun 12, 2006 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating post natal depression scale which has seen widespread use in epidemiological and clinical studies. Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation. The dependent variable utilized in this study was the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds as it is the most common screening instrument used for the detection of antenatal and post natal. Developed as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and validated for use in both pregnancy and the postnatal period to assess for possible depression and anxiety. Testretest reliability of the english version of the. A score of 11 or more was found to be the optimal cutoff for depression according to both dsm5 and icd10 criteria. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination.
To download information click on the selected language. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of mood for the diagnosis of pnd to be made. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale using. Please circle the number next to the answer which comes closest to how you. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale request pdf. Pdf does the edinburgh postnatal depression scale measure.
Using the epds to measure postpartum depression severity. Routine depression screening should be conducted during pregnancy and the early postpartum period, and results charted. The mother should complete the scale herself, unless she has limited english or reading difficulties. Questions 3, 510 marked with an are scored 0, 1, 2 or 3 with top box scored as 3 and the bottom box scored as 0. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is commonly used as a screening tool but a single, direct question on depression may offer. Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds free social. Mar 24, 2016 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the instrument most commonly used to identify depression in postpartum women.
Oct 15, 2010 postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which has seen widespread use in. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Validation in a norwegian community sample article pdf available in nordic journal of psychiatry 552.
Calculating clinically significant change in postnatal. The spanish version was developed at the university of iowa based on earlier. Antenatal depressive symptoms, a history of major depressive disorder, or. As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. The epds is easy to administer and has proven to be an effective screening tool. Postnatal depression hits one in seven mothers nhs. Once during your pregnancy, and once after pregnancy. Emotional changes after giving birth espanol spanish bilingual pdf. We use this scale to see how woman are coping with the life changes of pregnancy and childbirth. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. It has also been validated for use in pregnant populations murray and cox, 1990. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english.
This study aimed to address this gap in psychometrics by examining testretest reliability in a sample of 118 australian mothers with babies aged under 12 months, with a mean of 2. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. Traditionally, a cutoff score of is used to distinguish depressed from nondepressed women. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Examples of validated depression screening tools include. Beck depression inventory bdi hamilton depression scale hospital. Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen for depression. Introduction derived from the earlier work of zigmond and snaith 1983 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item selfreport scale designed for use postnatally cox et al. Typically the epds is used at a single time point to identify women with probable depression. Postpartum major depression is a disorder that is often unrecognized and must be distinguished from baby blues. It is a 10item scale, which focuses on the cognitive and affective features of depression rather than somatic symptoms. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was designed by cox et al.
This 10question selfrating scale has been demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale against. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale mcpap for moms. Postpartum major depression american family physician.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. They used a validated scale during pregnancy, a version of the center for epidemiological studiesdepression scale cesd. For a copy in another language call the uic perinatal consultation line at 18005736121. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno. Oct 21, 2016 edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is considered well accepted screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Edinburgh postnatal pregnancy, birth and early parenthood for.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of questions for you to answer. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period. Concern has been raised over the validity of the epds as a single summed scale, with suggestions that it measures two separate aspects, one of depressive feelings, the other of anxiety. The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and effici ent way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. These translations will be stored on mhcs website and clinicians will be directed to this onestop shop source of translations. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale health navigator nz. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. Psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the. Pdf the existence of a separate anxiety and depression dimension within the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been. It can help to identify symptoms of anxiety and depression. About this resource about this resource 1 this is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and. As you have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in. Other tools, such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, are used to identify which women need care, as well as to help doctors decide on the best form of treatment. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale is available in many languages. The epds internationally, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely accepted screening instrument used in the perinatal period. The most common way this is done in the uk and us is by using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Find out about the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, one of the tools used to assess mood in women during pregnancy and for the. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Aug 21, 2014 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Calculating clinically significant change in postnatal depression studies using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw health emr form to enable clinicians better access to validated versions via a url link. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating post natal depression scale which has seen widespread use in.
Sep 11, 2014 testretest reliability of the english version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has not been established. Oct 08, 2018 postpartum depression is not recognized by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders dsmiv as being diagnostically distinct from major depression, although the manual does. Please circle the number next to the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd. The dependent variable utilized in this study was the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds as it is the most common screening instrument used for the detection of antenatal and postnatal. Validating the edinburgh postnatal depression scale as a. The objective of the study was to validate the epds as a screening tool for postpartum depression in kathmandu, nepal. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is probably the tool most commonly used to identify women with postpartum depression. Its subsequent development in clinical and research settings has been fully described cox and holden, 1994. The scale can be used at six to eight weeks after birth or during pregnancy.
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